The freeze-drying process of products is called Freeze Drying. It is the process of freezing the products completely without losing their basic properties and sublimation of ice crystals formed under vacuum atmosphere. It is a preferred method for products with high thermal sensitivity.
It is the process that provides the drying of the substance as a result of the removal of the gas phase formed by freezing and sublimation of the products in solution or suspension. First, the solution is frozen below the eutectic point. The solvent ice crystals are then evaporated by sublimation.
While the product is being frozen, the duration of the freezing process may be longer or shorter depending on the type of product. In the sublimation stage, vacuum is applied in the lyophilization cabinet inside the product, and as the temperature drops, high-energy molecules spontaneously fly out. In the desorption process, the vacuum is maximized during the drying phase. Thus, the last water molecules that have crystallized and are attached to the substance are pulled out of the substance.